Breast pain, or mastalgia as it is medically known, is a common complaint experienced by the vast majority of women at some point in their lives. Although this condition is often caused by benign factors, it causes serious anxiety in many women, particularly because of its association with breast cancer, and should therefore not be ignored.

Breast pain is one of the most common complaints among women. This pain can stem from a variety of factors, ranging from hormonal changes and structural changes in breast tissue to serious health issues such as cancer. Highlighting that breast pain alone is not a typical symptom of breast cancer, Tuğba Balkaya Tunçel, a General Surgeon at Medline Adana Hospital, shared the key points to be aware of, stating: “Not all pain is cancer, but it should not be ignored either. It is very important for women to be aware of their breast health and to have any changes assessed without delay.”

The most common cause is hormonal changes

The most common cause of breast pain is hormonal changes. Breast tenderness and sensitivity are frequently observed during the premenstrual period, pregnancy, breastfeeding, or periods of increased hormonal fluctuation. Hormone-related pain is usually felt in both breasts and follows a cyclical pattern. This is a completely natural process for the majority of women. Wearing the right bra, reducing caffeine intake and making lifestyle adjustments can help alleviate symptoms.

Cysts and fibrocystic breast tissue can trigger pain

Another common cause of breast pain is breast cysts and fibrocystic breast tissue. This condition, which is particularly common in women aged 30-45, arises due to natural changes in breast tissue. Cysts are fluid-filled structures and can cause pain as they grow. In fibrocystic tissue, the breast tissue is more taut and sensitive. These findings are mostly benign and can be easily assessed using simple imaging methods such as ultrasound.

Muscle-related pain is often confused with breast pain

Some pain does not originate in the breast but in the chest wall muscles. In particular, poor posture, heavy lifting or muscle strain can cause a sensation of pain in the breast. Pain that increases with movement and becomes more pronounced when pressure is applied is generally not related to the breast.

The possibility of breast cancer should also be assessed

Contrary to popular belief, breast pain alone is not a sign of cancer. Pain associated with cancer is usually unilateral and is often accompanied by additional symptoms such as a lump in the breast, skin retraction or thickening. Therefore, the vast majority of women experiencing breast pain do not have a serious underlying problem. However, women with symptoms such as a feeling of hardness in the breast, discharge, skin changes, or a palpable lump must consult a specialist without delay. It should not be forgotten that regular check-ups and screenings can be life-saving in cases such as cancer.

The cause can be easily determined using appropriate methods

Women presenting with breast pain are first asked to provide a detailed medical history and undergo a physical examination. Depending on age and need, the physician may opt for imaging methods such as breast ultrasound and mammography. These methods enable the source of the pain to be identified to a large extent.

Treatment is tailored to the cause

Treatment is entirely shaped by the cause of the pain. Lifestyle adjustments, wearing the correct bra, hot and cold applications, and, where necessary, medication provide relief and yield positive results for the majority of patients.