If you feel pressure in your head, a blocked nose or pain in your face when you step out of the stifling summer heat and suddenly into an ice-cold, air-conditioned environment, you’re not alone. Many people assume that sinusitis is a condition that only occurs during the winter months. However, sudden hot-to-cold temperature changes during the summer months can exacerbate sinus symptoms, particularly in sensitive individuals.

The sinuses are air-filled cavities within the facial bones that are connected to the nose. The inner surface of these cavities is lined with a thin layer of mucous membrane. Sudden changes in temperature can cause this mucous membrane to swell and disrupt the balance of secretions. Dr. Murat Arslanhan, an otorhinolaryngologist at Medline Adana Hospital, who notes that moving from an outdoor environment of 38–40 degrees to an air-conditioned environment of 18–20 degrees can have a negative effect on the sinuses, has issued warnings and recommendations on maintaining sinus health during the summer months.

These symptoms may be a sign of sinusitis

The most common symptoms of sinus complaints associated with temperature changes are nasal congestion, post-nasal drip, a feeling of pressure in the forehead and around the eyes, headache and a feeling of fullness in the face. Some people may also experience a feeling of blockage in the ears and irritation in the throat. These symptoms do not always indicate a bacterial infection; in most cases, irritation and swelling of the mucous membranes are the primary factors.

Not everyone is affected to the same extent

Those with allergic rhinitis, people who have previously suffered from sinusitis, smokers and those who work for long periods in air-conditioned environments are more affected by changes between hot and cold temperatures. Furthermore, in children and the elderly, the nasal and sinus mucosa may be more sensitive to environmental changes. Frequent movement throughout the day between the warm outdoor air and enclosed, cold environments can make it harder for the sinuses to regulate themselves, leading to symptoms appearing more easily. Therefore, people in high-risk groups in particular should avoid sudden temperature changes as much as possible.

Air conditioning is not the sole cause

Air conditioning does not directly cause sinusitis; however, by drying out the ambient air, it can lead to a weakening of the protective lining inside the nose. Air conditioning units that are not cleaned regularly can also cause the spread of dust and allergens. In people with allergies in particular, this situation can trigger sinus symptoms.

Daily habits play a role

Setting the car air conditioning to a very low temperature during the summer months, being exposed to cold air currents for long periods whilst sweaty, and sleeping directly in front of the air conditioning unit throughout the night are among the habits that can exacerbate sinus complaints. It is therefore important not to expose the body to sudden temperature changes whilst cooling down and to maintain a balanced room temperature.

Tips for protecting your sinuses during the summer months

• Do not set the air conditioning temperature more than 6–8 degrees lower than the outside temperature
• Avoid direct exposure to cold air whilst sweating
• Drink plenty of water throughout the day
• Try using saline nasal sprays to keep the inside of your nose moist
• Have the air conditioning filters cleaned regularly
• Consult a physician if you experience prolonged facial pain, a fever, dark-coloured discharge, or symptoms lasting longer than 10 days