Rising temperatures during the summer months can have a negative impact on quality of life. In such circumstances, air conditioners are one of the most commonly used solutions for keeping cool indoors. However, when used incorrectly whilst trying to cool down, air conditioners can sometimes lead to serious health problems.

Air conditioners, which are used intensively in enclosed spaces due to the oppressive heat, can increase the risk of Legionnaires’ disease, also known among the public as ‘air-conditioner pneumonia’. Dr. Mustafa Faysal Baysal, a pulmonologist at Medline Adana Hospital, issued warnings and recommendations, noting that this disease can even have fatal consequences if neglected.

It is transmitted via the respiratory tract

Legionnaires’ disease is a lung infection caused by a bacterium called Legionella. This bacterium typically multiplies in air-conditioning systems, water tanks, shower heads and hot water plumbing systems when suitable conditions arise. The disease is transmitted by inhaling very small water droplets containing the bacterium. Contrary to popular belief, it is not transmitted from person to person. Regular maintenance is therefore of great importance, particularly in hotels, hospitals, business centres and large buildings equipped with central air-conditioning systems.

At-risk groups should take precautions

Although Legionnaires’ disease can affect anyone, it may take a more severe course in certain individuals. At-risk group includes the elderly, smokers, those with chronic lung disease, people with diabetes, individuals with weakened immune systems, and those undergoing cancer treatment. The illness begins with symptoms such as high fever, cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches, fatigue and, occasionally, diarrhoea. Symptoms of the infection usually appear within 2 to 10 days of exposure to the bacterium. As infections, which are particularly common in the summer months, present with symptoms similar to other types of pneumonia, the diagnostic process requires careful assessment. Those diagnosed are usually hospitalised for treatment, and full recovery may take 2-3 weeks.

Early diagnosis improves the success of treatment

When Legionnaires’ disease is diagnosed at an early stage, it can be largely brought under control with appropriate antibiotic treatment. The patient’s medical history, lung imaging and any necessary laboratory tests are key to diagnosis. In particular, a history of staying in a hotel in recent days, being in environments with central air conditioning or spending time in areas with extensive shared water systems provides important clues for diagnosis. Delayed treatment, however, can lead to severe respiratory failure and the need for intensive care, particularly in patients within high-risk groups.

Dr. Baysal, who states that the most effective way to prevent the disease is through regular maintenance, offered the following recommendations against Legionnaires’ disease:

• Have air-conditioning and water systems serviced regularly
• Clean or replace filters and water tanks in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations
• Have air conditioning units cleaned before operating them if they have not been used for a long time
• Have central air conditioning systems inspected by qualified teams at regular intervals
• Ensure that enclosed spaces are ventilated with fresh air and prevent the build-up of damp
• If you develop a fever, cough or shortness of breath, consult a physician, particularly if you are in a high-risk group